Hindi Literature

Section A: History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi

• Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
• Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary language during medieval period.
• Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.
• Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.
• Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
• Development of Hindi as a National Language during freedom movement.
• The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
• Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi Language.
• Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.
• Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
• Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section B: History of Hindi Literature

• The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.
• Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.
• Adikal
  • Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.
  • Prominent poets—Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.
• Bhaktikal
  • Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.
  • Prominent Poets—Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.
• Ritikal
  • Ritikavya, Ritibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.
  • Prominent Poets—Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.
• Adhunik KalRenaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.
• Prominent Writers—Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.
• Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
• Prominent Poets—Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

Katha Sahitya

• Upanyas & Realism
• The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
• ProminentNovelists—Premchand, Jain-endra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
• The origin and development of Hindi short story.
• Prominent Short Story Writers—Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti.

Drama & Theatre

• The Origin & Development of Hindi Drama.
• Prominent Dramatists—Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
• The development of Hindi Theatre.

Criticism

• The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi.
• Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
• Prominent critics—Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

• The other form of Hindi prose—Lalit Nibandh,Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

• The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section A

• KabirKabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)
• SoordasBhramar Geetsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
• TulsidasRamcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttarkand)
• JayasiPadmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)
• BihariBihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
• Maithili Sharan GuptaBharat Bharati
• PrasadKamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)
• NiralaRag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja & Kukurmutta)
• DinkarKurukshetra
• AgyeyaAngan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena)
• MuktibothBrahm Rakhashas
• NagarjunBadal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section B

• BharatenduBharat Durdasha
• Mohan RakeshAshadh Ka Ek Din
• RamchandraChintamani (Part I) (KavitaKya Shukla Hai, ShraddhaAurBhakti)
• Dr. SatyendraNibandh Nilaya—Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.
• Premchand
  • Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai/Manjusha—Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan.
  • Ed. Amrit Rai.
• PrasadSkandgupta
• YashpalDivya
• Phaniswar Nath RenuMaila Anchal
• Mannu BhandariMahabhoj
• Rajendra YadavEk Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)