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Optional

Konkani Literature

UPSC Civil Services Mains, optional subject

Syllabus

Paper I

(Answers must be written in Konkani)

Section A: History of the Konkani Language

  • Origin and development of the language and influences on it.
  • Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features.
  • Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables and voices.
  • Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and Standardisation problems.

Section B: History of Konkani Literature

  • Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani literature and its social and cultural background and consider the problems and issues arising out of them.
  • History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers and movements.
  • Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.
  • Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times.
  • Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.

Paper II

Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature

(Answers must be written in Konkani)

  • The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s critical and analytical abilities.
  • Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand reading of the following texts :

Section A : Prose

  • Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes.
  • Old Konkani language and literature—the Portuguese Role
  • Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz.
  • Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira.
  • Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha.
  • Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar.
  • Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam Verenkar.
  • Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by Chandrakant Keni.
  • Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik.
  • Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof.
  • O.J.F. Gomes and Smt.
  • P.S. Tadkodkar.
  • Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt.
  • Jayanti Naik.

Section B : Poetry

  • Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza.
  • Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas.
  • Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao.
  • Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed.
  • R. V. Pandit.
  • Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai.
  • Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology ofPoems—ed.
  • Pratap Naik.
  • Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Bhangui.
  • Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar.

Syllabus as published by UPSC in the Civil Services Examination 2026 notification.

Useful resources

All optional subjects and syllabus