Optional
Konkani Literature
UPSC Civil Services Mains, optional subject
Syllabus
Paper I
(Answers must be written in Konkani)
Section A: History of the Konkani Language
- Origin and development of the language and influences on it.
- Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features.
- Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables and voices.
- Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and Standardisation problems.
Section B: History of Konkani Literature
- Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani literature and its social and cultural background and consider the problems and issues arising out of them.
- History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers and movements.
- Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.
- Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times.
- Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.
Paper II
Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature
(Answers must be written in Konkani)
- The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s critical and analytical abilities.
- Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand reading of the following texts :
Section A : Prose
- Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes.
- Old Konkani language and literature—the Portuguese Role
- Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz.
- Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira.
- Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha.
- Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar.
- Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam Verenkar.
- Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by Chandrakant Keni.
- Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik.
- Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof.
- O.J.F. Gomes and Smt.
- P.S. Tadkodkar.
- Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt.
- Jayanti Naik.
Section B : Poetry
- Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza.
- Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas.
- Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao.
- Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed.
- R. V. Pandit.
- Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai.
- Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology ofPoems—ed.
- Pratap Naik.
- Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Bhangui.
- Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar.
Syllabus as published by UPSC in the Civil Services Examination 2026 notification.

