Telugu Literature

Section A : Language

• Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity—Etymological History of Telugu,Tenugu and Andhra.
• Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.
• Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.
• Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.
• Modernization of Telugu language :
• Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.
• Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News-papers, Radio, TV etc.)
• Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical.
• Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and problems of Standardization.
• Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, complex and compound sentences—Noun and verb predications—Processes of nominalization and relativization—Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.
• Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—Methods of translation—Approaches to translation—Literary and other kinds of translation—Various uses of translation.

Section B : Literature

• Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry.
• Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.
• Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.
• Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.
• Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.
• Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution.
• Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, ramadasu, tyagayya.
• Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha.
• Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.
• Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.
• Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.
• Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature.
• Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts.

• This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches :—
• Aesthetic approach—Rassa, Dhawani, Vakroti and Auchitya—Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism.
• Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section A

• Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5—109).
• Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva-3rd Canto verses 1—144).
• Srinath-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, verses 76—133).
• Pingali Surana-sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurno-dayamu 4 Canto verses, 60—142).
• Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika).
• Kasula Purushothama Kavi—Andhra Nayaka Satakamu.

Section B

• Gurajada Appa Rao—Animutyalu (Short stories).
• Viswanatha Satyanarayana—Andhra prasasti.
• Devulapalli Krishna Sastry—Krishnapaksham (excluding Uravsi and Pravasam).
• Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.
• Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I).
• C. Narayana Reddy—Karpuravasanta rayalu.
• Kanuparti Varalakshmamma—Sarada lekhalu (Part I).
• Atreya—N.G.O.
• Racha Konda Viswanatha Sastry—Alpajaeevi.