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CSAT · Data interpretation and sufficiency

Graphs

32 questions, from 2011 to 2018.

2011

9 questions
Four age pyramids (vertical axis: Age; horizontal axis: Percent in age class). A: very broad base with sides sharply concave, narrowing quickly to a thin spike at the top (star/tent shape). B: a regular triangle with wide base tapering steadily to the apex. C: pentagon-like shape, base narrower than the middle, widest in the middle ages and tapering to the top (constricted base). D: bell/beehive shape with nearly vertical sides and a rounded top, base about as wide as the middle.

2011 · Q12

Consider the four age pyramids given below namely A, B, C and D representing four different countries.

Which one of them indicates the declining population?

  1. (a)A
  2. (b)B
  3. (c)C
  4. (d)D
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Graph of Population (billions, 0 to 6) against Year (0 AD to 2000 in 200-year steps). All four curves start near 0 at 0 AD and end at about 5.3 billion in 2000. B is a straight line. A is S-shaped: below B at first, crossing above it around 1100-1200 and levelling off towards the end. C is a gently upward-curving (convex) curve lying below B. D stays almost flat near zero until about 1800 and then rises almost vertically (J-shaped).

2011 · Q13

The following figure has four curves namely A, B, C and D. Study the figure and answer the item that follows.

Which curve indicates the exponential growth?

  1. (a)A
  2. (b)B
  3. (c)C
  4. (d)D
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Directions

Directions for the following 2 (two) items:

The following pie charts show the break up of disease categories recorded in the patients from two towns, Town A and Town B. Pie charts plot the disease categories as percentage of the total number of patients. Based on these, answer the two items that follow the charts.

Two pie charts. Distribution of diseases in Town - A: Obesity 34%, Heart Disease 22%, Diabetes 18%, High BP 13%, Others 13% (total 100%). Distribution of diseases in Town - B: Heart Disease 30%, Obesity 28%, Diabetes 24%, Others 20%, High BP 19% (total 121%).

2011 · Q14

Which of the two towns has a higher number of persons with Diabetes?

  1. (a)Town A
  2. (b)Town B
  3. (c)Same in Town A and Town B
  4. (d)No inference can be drawn
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2011 · Q15

What can we say about persons with more than one disease from these graphs?

  1. (a)There are likely to be persons with more than one disease in Town A.
  2. (b)There are likely to be persons with more than one disease in Town B.
  3. (c)There are likely to be persons with more than one disease in both Towns A and B.
  4. (d)No inference can be drawn.
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Velocity (vertical axis) vs Time (horizontal axis) graph. Both trains start at the origin (velocity 0 at time 0). Train A's velocity is a straight line rising uniformly from the origin. Train B's velocity is a concave curve rising steeply at first and then flattening, lying above Train A's line throughout. The two meet at the same velocity at time t₀ (marked by a dotted vertical line).

2011 · Q16

Consider the following Velocity - Time graph. It shows two trains starting simultaneously on parallel tracks.

With reference to the above graph, which one of the following statements is not correct?

  1. (a)Train B has an initial acceleration greater than that of Train A.
  2. (b)Train B is faster than Train A at all times.
  3. (c)Both trains have the same velocity at time t₀.
  4. (d)Both trains travel the same distance in time t₀ units.
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Graph with Time in min (vertical, 0 to 35) against Distance in km (horizontal, 0 to 45); a dotted vertical line marks the 30 km finish. All three curves start at the origin. A rises steeply at first and then flattens (concave), reaching 30 km at about 28-29 min. B rises in a gently upward-curving line, reaching 30 km at about 36 min. C rises slowly at first (lowest curve, e.g. about 12 min at 20 km) then becomes nearly vertical near 25-26 km, ending off the top of the chart (beyond 35 min) at about 26 km. A and B cross C at about 25 km / 25 min; A and B cross at about 27 km / 28 min. Up to that point A's curve lies above B's (A takes more time than B for the same distance).

2011 · Q23

Consider the following distance - time graph. The graph shows three athletes A, B and C running side by side for a 30 km race.

With reference to the above graph, consider the following statements:

1.The race was won by A

2.B was ahead of A up to 25 km mark

3.C ran very slowly from the beginning.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a)1 only
  2. (b)1 and 2 only
  3. (c)2 and 3 only
  4. (d)1, 2 and 3
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Passage

During a party, a person was exposed to contaminated water. A few days later, he developed fever and loose motions. He suffered for some days before going to a doctor for treatment. On starting the treatment, he soon became better and recovered completely a few days later. The following graph shows different phases of the person's disease condition as regions A, B, C, D and E of the curve.

Graph of Number of Bacteria (vertical axis) against Time (horizontal axis), a single hump-shaped curve divided into five consecutive regions: A - flat, near zero at the start; B - rising steeply; C - rising more slowly towards the peak; D - the flat top (peak); E - falling steeply back towards zero.

2011 · Q31

Which region/regions of the curve correspond/corresponds to incubation phase of the infection?

  1. (a)A only
  2. (b)B only
  3. (c)B and C
  4. (d)No part of the curve indicates the incubation phase
Show answer

UPSC key: (a)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2011 · Q32

Which region of the curve indicates that the person began showing the symptoms of infection?

  1. (a)A
  2. (b)B
  3. (c)C
  4. (d)D
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2011 · Q33

Which region of the curve indicates that the treatment yielded effective relief?

  1. (a)C
  2. (b)D
  3. (c)E
  4. (d)The curve does not indicate the treatment
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2013

5 questions

Directions

Direction for the following 5 (five) items: Study the two figures given below and answer the five items that follow:

Figure 1 : Number of Professors in selected disciplines in a University by sex (bar chart, Male / Female): Physics 32 / 8; Mathematics 28 / 8; Chemistry 16 / 22; Botany 10 / 14; Psychology 4 / 6; Economics 24 / 8. Figure 2 : Age of Physics Professors (pie chart): 35 – 44: 40%; 25 – 34: 30%; 45 – 59: 20%; 60 – 65: 10%.

2013 · Q52

How many Physics professors belong to the age group 35 – 44?

  1. (a)18
  2. (b)16
  3. (c)14
  4. (d)12
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2013 · Q53

Which one of the following disciplines has the highest ratio of males to females?

  1. (a)Physics
  2. (b)Mathematics
  3. (c)Chemistry
  4. (d)Economics
Show answer

UPSC key: (a)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2013 · Q54

What percentage of all Psychology professors are females?

  1. (a)40%
  2. (b)50%
  3. (c)60%
  4. (d)70%
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2013 · Q55

If the number of female Physics professors in the age group 25 – 34 equals 25% of all the Physics professors in that age group, then what is the number of male Physics professors in the age group 25 – 34?

  1. (a)9
  2. (b)6
  3. (c)3
  4. (d)2
Show answer

UPSC key: (a)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2013 · Q56

If the Psychology professors in the University constitute 2% of all the professors in the University, then what is the number of professors in the University?

  1. (a)400
  2. (b)500
  3. (c)600
  4. (d)700
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2014

4 questions

Directions

Directions for the following 4 (four) items: The following graph shows the average profit of two fruit-sellers A and B in thousands (₹) per year from the year 1995 to 2000. Consider the graph and answer the 4 (four) items that follow:

Line graph: X-axis Year (1995 to 2000), Y-axis 'Average profit in thousands (₹)' from 0 to 6. Seller B (thin line with dots): 1995 = 4, 1996 = 4, 1997 = 4, 1998 = 4, 1999 = 5, 2000 ≈ 5.6. Seller A (thick line): 1995 = 3, 1996 = 4, 1997 = 5, 1998 ≈ 3.4, 1999 = 4, 2000 = 6.

2014 · Q34

In which year is the average profit of A and B same?

  1. (a)1995
  2. (b)1996
  3. (c)1997
  4. (d)1998
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2014 · Q35

What is the difference between the average profit of B and A in the year 1998?

  1. (a)− ₹ 100
  2. (b)− ₹ 1,000
  3. (c)+ ₹ 600
  4. (d)− ₹ 300
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2014 · Q36

How much more average profit did A make in the year 2000 than in the year 1999?

  1. (a)₹ 200
  2. (b)₹ 1,000
  3. (c)₹ 1,500
  4. (d)₹ 2,000
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2014 · Q37

What is the trend of the average profit of B from the year 1997 to the year 2000?

  1. (a)Non-increasing
  2. (b)Non-decreasing
  3. (c)Steady
  4. (d)Fluctuating
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2015

3 questions
Graph of Earnings (y-axis) against Years (x-axis, marked 2000, 2007, 2010). Both curves start at the same point at 2000 and end at the same point at 2010. Curve A is concave (rises quickly, then flattens) and stays above curve B until about 2007; curve B is convex (rises slowly, then steeply), crosses A at about 2007 and stays above A from 2007 to 2010. The area by which A exceeds B (2000-2007) is visibly larger than the area by which B exceeds A (2007-2010).

2015 · Q52

The graph below depicts the earnings of A and B over the period 2000 to 2010:

From the graph, which one of the following can be concluded?

  1. (a)On the average A earned more than B during this period.
  2. (b)On the average B earned more than A during this period.
  3. (c)The earnings of A and B were equal during this period.
  4. (d)The earnings of A were less as compared to B during this period.
Show answer

UPSC key: (a)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Line graph of Price in Rupees (y-axis, 0 to 50 in steps of 10) against Years (x-axis, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010). The curve starts at about 1985 at a little above ₹ 10, rises gradually to about ₹ 15 at 1990 and about ₹ 23 at 2000, then rises steeply to ₹ 50 at 2010 (dashed lines mark 50 and 2010). The curve rises continuously throughout.

2015 · Q58

Year-wise variation of the price of a certain commodity is shown in the following graph:

The price of the commodity in the year 1990

  1. (a)must have been ₹ 10/-
  2. (b)must have been ₹ 12/-
  3. (c)must have been anywhere between ₹ 10/- and ₹ 20/-
  4. (d)is higher than that in the year 1991
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Two stacked 100% bars. Family A (Total expenditure : ₹ 20,000 per month): 50% Food (top), 30% Other items, 20% Education (bottom). Family B (Total expenditure : ₹ 1,00,000 per month): 10% Food (top), 60% Other items, 30% Education (bottom).

2015 · Q59

The proportion of expenditure on various items by two families A and B are represented in the following Bar Charts:

From these charts, we can conclude that

  1. (a)Family A spent more money on food than Family B.
  2. (b)Family B spent more money on food than Family A.
  3. (c)Family A and Family B spent the same amount on food.
  4. (d)The expenditure on food by Family A and Family B cannot be compared.
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2018

11 questions

Directions

Directions for the following 3 (three) items: The following three items are based on the graph given below which shows imports of three different types of steel over a period of six months of a year. Study the graph and answer the three items that follow.

Bar graph, y-axis 'Thousands of tons imported' (20 to 44). Three bars per month — Coil ($ 320), Sheet ($ 256), Scrap ($ 175). Approximate values (Coil, Sheet, Scrap): January 30, 40, 32; February 31, 37, 34; March 33, 36, 32; April 34, 36, 31; May 36, 34, 32; June 38, 34, 32. Note below graph: The figures in the brackets indicate the average cost per ton over six months period.

2018 · Q11

By how much (measured in thousands of tons) did the import of sheet steel exceed the import of coil steel in the first three months of the year?

  1. (a)11
  2. (b)15
  3. (c)19
  4. (d)23
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2018 · Q12

What was the approximate total value (in $) of sheet steel imported over the six months period?

  1. (a)45,555
  2. (b)50,555
  3. (c)55,550
  4. (d)65,750
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2018 · Q13

What was the approximate ratio of sheet steel and scrap steel imports in the first three months of the year?

  1. (a)1: 1
  2. (b)1·2: 1
  3. (c)1·4: 1
  4. (d)1·6: 1
Show answer

UPSC key: (b)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Line graph of % of work (0% to 100%) against time (1st April, May, June, July, Aug, 1st Sept). Expected progress (dashed): 0% at 1st April, about 25% at May, about 50% at June, about 60% at July, about 68% at Aug, rising to 100% at 1st Sept. Actual progress (solid): 0% at 1st April, about 10% at May, about 20% at June, about 32% at July, about 42% at Aug, then rising steeply to reach 100% during August, before 1st Sept; the solid line crosses above the dashed line in the second half of August.

2018 · Q61

Consider the following graph:

Which one of the following statements is not correct with reference to the graph given above?

  1. (a)On 1st June, the actual progress of work was less than expected.
  2. (b)The actual rate of progress of work was the greatest during the month of August.
  3. (c)The work was actually completed before the expected time.
  4. (d)During the period from 1st April to 1st September, at no time was the actual progress more than the expected progress.
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Directions

Directions for the following 2 (two) items: Consider the following graph in which the birthrate and death rate of a country are given, and answer the two items that follow.

Line graph, y-axis 'Birth and death rates per thousand' (0 to 30), x-axis Years 1970 to 2010. Birthrate (solid): 30 in 1970, about 28 in 1980, about 22·5 in 1990, about 20 in 1995, about 18·5 in 2000, then flat at about 18 from 2005 to 2010. Death rate (dashed): 25 in 1970, about 21 in 1980, about 15 in 1990, about 9 in 1995, about 6·5 in 2000, then roughly flat at about 6·5–7 till 2010.

2018 · Q63

Looking at the graph, it can be inferred that from 1990 to 2010

  1. (a)population growth rate has increased
  2. (b)population growth rate has decreased
  3. (c)growth rate of population has remained stable
  4. (d)population growth rate shows no trend
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

2018 · Q64

With reference to the above graph, consider the following statements considering 1970 as base year:

1.Population has stabilized after 35 years.

2.Population growth rate has stabilized after 35 years.

3.Death rate has fallen by 10% in the first 10 years.

4.Birthrate has stabilized after 35 years.

Which of the above are the most logical and rational statements that can be made from the above graph?

  1. (a)1 and 2 only
  2. (b)1, 2 and 3
  3. (c)3 and 4
  4. (d)2 and 4
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Fig. A: line graph of Hourly earnings E vs Years Y; y-axis starts at 20 with ticks 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 (origin at 20); points 2013: 20, 14: 25, 15: 30, 16: 35, 17: 40. Fig. B: same data on a y-axis starting from 0 (ticks 10, 20, 30, 40), points 2013: 20, 14: 25, 15: 30, 16: 35, 17: 40, with vertical lines dropped from each point; the line looks less steep than in Fig. A because of the different scale.

2018 · Q65

Average hourly earnings per year (E) of the workers in a firm are represented in figures A and B as follows:

From the figures, it is observed that the

  1. (a)values of E are different
  2. (b)ranges (i.e., the difference between the maximum and the minimum) of E are different
  3. (c)slopes of the graphs are same
  4. (d)rates of increase of E are different
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Fig. A: Cost of production (₹ in lakhs) vs No. of pieces manufactured — straight line: 5 at 0, 6 at 1000, 7 at 2000, 8 at 3000. Fig. B: Selling price per piece (₹) vs No. of pieces sold — curve falling steeply from about 540 at 0 to 400 at 1000, then a straight line to 350 at 2000 and 300 at 3000.

2018 · Q67

Consider the following figures A and B:

The manufacturing cost and projected sales for a product are shown in the above figures A and B respectively. What is the minimum number of pieces that should be manufactured to avoid a loss?

  1. (a)2000
  2. (b)2500
  3. (c)3000
  4. (d)3500
Show answer

UPSC key: (a)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Two line graphs of Population (in millions, 0 to 1·2) vs Years (1950 to 2050) for age groups <15 (solid), 15–64 (dotted) and 64+ (dashed). Country A: 15–64 rises from about 0·35 (1950) to 0·45 (1970), about 0·8 (1990), peaks at 1·0 (2010), about 0·98 (2030), falls to about 0·87 (2050); <15 rises from 0·2 (1950) to about 0·33 (1970), then slowly declines to about 0·28 (2010), 0·25 (2030), 0·22 (2050); 64+ about 0·05 till 1970, then rises to about 0·15 (2010), 0·25 (2030), 0·33 (2050), crossing above <15 around 2030. Country B: 15–64 rises steadily from about 0·2 (1950) to 0·3 (1970), about 0·5 (1990), about 0·75 (2010), about 1·03 (2030), about 1·1 (2050); <15 rises from about 0·13 (1950) to 0·22 (1970), 0·32 (1990), peaks about 0·36 (2010–2030), about 0·3 (2050); 64+ about 0·03 till 1970, slowly rising to about 0·1 (2010), 0·17 (2030), 0·27 (2050).

2018 · Q71

Consider the following graphs. The curves in the graphs indicate different age groups in the populations of two countries A and B over a period of few decades:

With reference to the above graphs, which of the following are the most logical and rational inferences that can be made?

1.Over the last two and a half decades, the dependency ratio for country B has decreased.

2.By the end of next two and a half decades, the dependency ratio of country A will be much less than that of country B.

3.In the next two decades, the workforce relative to its total population will increase in country B as compared to country A.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. (a)1 and 2 only
  2. (b)2 and 3 only
  3. (c)1 and 3 only
  4. (d)1, 2 and 3
Show answer

UPSC key: (c)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Line graph, 'Key policy rates in %' (3·00 to 7·50) at dates Jul 2, Jul 27, Sep 16, Nov 2, Dec 16 (2010), Jan 25, Mar 17, May 3, Jun 16 (2011). Repo Rate rises from 5·50 (Jul 2) to about 6·00 (Sep 16), 6·25 (Nov 2, Dec 16), about 6·50 (Jan 25), 6·75 (Mar 17), 7·25 (May 3) and 7·50 (+·25) (Jun 16). Reverse Repo Rate rises from 4·00 (Jul 2) to about 5·00 (Sep 16), 5·25 (Nov 2, Dec 16), 5·50 (Jan 25), 5·75 (Mar 17), 6·25 (May 3) and 6·50 (+·25) (Jun 16). CRR stays flat at 6·00 throughout (6·00 at May 3 and 6·00 (0) at Jun 16).

2018 · Q73

The graph given below indicates the changes in key policy rates made by the Central Bank several times in a year:

Which one of the following can be the most likely reason for the Central Bank for such an action?

  1. (a)Encouraging foreign investment
  2. (b)Increasing the liquidity
  3. (c)Encouraging both public and private savings
  4. (d)Anti-inflationary stance
Show answer

UPSC key: (d)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

Line graph, y-axis 'Per cent of gross tax revenue' (0 to 45), x-axis years 1990-91, 1995-96, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10 (Prov), 2010-11 (BE). Approximate values — Excise: 42, 37, 36, 33, 31, 26, 22, 19, 18, 19 (steady decline). Customs: 36, 33, 20, 19, 19, 19, 18·5, 18, 15, 17 (sharp fall then flat). Corporate tax: 9, 16, 25, 27, 29, 31, 34, 37, 40, 41 (steady rise). Personal income tax: 9, 14, 16, 16, 15·5, 17, 18, 19, 21, 18 (gradual rise). Service tax: 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10·5, 10·5, 10 (gradual rise).

2018 · Q76

The following graph indicates the composition of our tax revenue for a period of two decades:

With reference to the above graph, which of the following is/are the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made?

1.During the given period, the revenue from Direct Taxes as percentage of gross tax revenue has increased while that of Indirect Taxes decreased.

2.The trend in the revenue from Excise Duty demonstrates that the growth of manufacturing sector has been negative during the given period.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  1. (a)1 only
  2. (b)2 only
  3. (c)Both 1 and 2
  4. (d)Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer

UPSC key: (a)

Data interpretation and sufficiency · Graphs

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