Madurai through time
Tamil Nadu
Theme 8d · 300 BCE to 300 CE, with the Megalithic phase from 1200 BCE
Capital of the Pandya kingdom and seat of the Sangam assembly; still a major city
Theme 12e · 575 to 1279 CE
South India: Pallavas, Pandyas, Cholas
The Pandya capital; the Minakshi temple is Pandya in origin, Nayaka in most of its present structure
Theme 12f · 600 to 1317 CE
Bhakti in the south and beyond
The Pandya capital; Manikkavacakar was minister to a Pandya king
Theme M4 · 1070 to 1323 CE
South India before the Sultanate: the last Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas and Kakatiyas
The Pandya capital, over the Tamraparni valley; Malik Kafur came in 1311 at Vira Pandya's invitation
Theme M5 · 1206 to 1526 CE
The Delhi Sultanate: five dynasties, 1206 to 1526
The Pandya capital, the last of Malik Kafur's four Deccan campaigns, 1311
Theme M6 · 1336 to 1646 CE
Seat of the Madurai Sultanate, which Kumara Kampana, son of Bukka I, destroyed about 1370