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Languages and literature

The classical and other languages of India, their literature and the institutions that keep them alive.

Asked before

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Five Centres of Excellence for the classical languages recognised in 2024, from Tezpur to Deccan College

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BriefPrelims31 Oct 2026

In October 2026 the Ministry of Education approved Centres of Excellence for the five languages the Cabinet declared classical in 2024, to support research, documentation and digitisation of their texts.

  • The map places the five host institutions, from Tezpur University for Assamese to the Central University of Gujarat for Prakrit, with the month's two Tentative List sites, Mudumal and Sirpur.
  • India has eleven classical languages: Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Telugu and Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013), Odia (2014) and the five of 2024.

Exam lens: match each language to its host institution; the order in which languages gained classical status.

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Sources
  • The Hindu, 3 October 2026
  • PIB, 3 October 2026