Purushapura through time
Now Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Theme 9 · 5th century BCE to 13th century CE
Buddhism and Jainism: later development and decline
The Hellenistic Buddha image: wavy hair, heavy folds, grey blue schist
Theme 8b · 200 BCE to 300 CE; the Western Satraps to 415
The northwestern invasions: Indo Greeks, Shakas, Pahlavas, Kushanas and the Western Satraps
Kanishka's primary capital
Theme M2 · 711 to 1186 CE
The advent of Islam and the first Turkish invasion
Peshawar, where Mahmud defeated and captured the Hindu Shahi Jayapala in 1001