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Economy › Human development and welfare delivery

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Poverty and inequality

How poverty and inequality in India are measured, the poverty lines and indices behind the numbers, and what the estimates show.

Asked before

  1. Prelims 2026: Consider the following statements about Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): 1. MPI is calculated using Alkire-Foster methodology. 2. MP…
  2. Mains 2026 GS2: Malnutrition in India is not merely a public health concern; it is also a challenge of social equity, human development and effective wel…
  3. Mains 2025 GS1: Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people's needs in a country lik…
  4. Mains 2025 GS1: Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and of rehabilitation? Give your opinion.
  5. Mains 2025 GS2: Inequality in the ownership pattern of resources is one of the major causes of poverty. Discuss in the context of 'paradox of poverty'.
  6. Mains 2024 GS1: In dealing with socio-economic issues of development, what kind of collaboration between government, NGOs and private sector would be mos…
  7. Mains 2024 GS1: What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India?
  8. Mains 2024 GS2: Poverty and malnutrition create a vicious cycle, adversely affecting human capital formation. What steps can be taken to break the cycle?

See all: Prelims · Mains 1 · Mains 2

World Bank: poverty at $4.20 a day fell from 57.7 to 16.1 per cent of Indians between 2011 and 2023

Copy link to World Bank: poverty at $4.20 a day fell from 57.7 to 16.1 per cent of Indians between 2011 and 2023

LeadPrelims and Mains31 Oct 2026