Taxila through time

Theme 4 · 600 to 300 BCE

Janapadas, Mahajanapadas and the second urbanisation

Capital of Gandhara: a centre of learning, trade and cross cultural contact, linking India with Central Asia and Iran

Theme 5 · 6th century BCE to 321 BCE

Persian and Greek invasions, and the rise of Magadha

Ambhi of Taxila welcomed Alexander and supplied him with troops and elephants, hoping for support against his rival Porus

Theme 9 · 5th century BCE to 13th century CE

Buddhism and Jainism: later development and decline

A centre of learning from the 5th century BCE to the 5th century CE; the Dharmarajika stupa, Jaulian and Kunala

Theme 7 · 324 or 321 to 187 BCE

Mauryan empire

Centre of the northern province; Ashoka served here as governor. The Aramaic inscription at Sirkap is added from the Edicts of Ashoka list, not the handout.

Theme 8b · 200 BCE to 300 CE; the Western Satraps to 415

The northwestern invasions: Indo Greeks, Shakas, Pahlavas, Kushanas and the Western Satraps

Maues, one of the earliest Shaka rulers in India, controlled Taxila; a city of the Gandhara school region