Statements with conclusions or assumptions

2012 · Q19

During the last summer vacation, Ankit went to a summer camp where he took part in hiking, swimming and boating. This summer, he is looking forward to a music camp where he hopes to sing, dance and learn to play the guitar.

Based on the above information, four conclusions, as given below, have been made. Which one of these logically follows from the information given above?

1. (a)Ankit's parents want him to play the guitar.
2. (b)Ankit prefers music to outdoor activities.
3. (c)Ankit goes to some type of camp every summer.
4. (d)Ankit likes to sing and dance.UPSC key

2012 · Q21

Ten new TV shows started in January — 5 sitcoms, 3 drama and 2 news magazines. By April, only seven of the new shows were still on, five of them being sitcoms.

Based on the above information, four conclusions, as given below, have been made. Which one of these logically follows from the information given above?

1. (a)Only one news magazine show is still on.
2. (b)Only one of the drama shows is still on.
3. (c)At least one discontinued show was a drama.UPSC key
4. (d)Viewers prefer sitcoms over drama.

2012 · Q23

Consider the following statement:

"Though quite expensive, television is not a luxury item, as one can learn many things through television."

Which one of the following is a valid inference from the above statement?

1. (a)All expensive things are regarded as luxury.
2. (b)All essential things for learning are not luxury.
3. (c)Television is essential for learning.
4. (d)Television is not a luxury item.UPSC key

2012 · Q39

Examine the following statements:

1.I watch TV only if I am bored.

2.I am never bored when I have my brother's company.

3.Whenever I go to the theatre I take my brother along.

Which one of the following conclusions is valid in the context of the above statements?

1. (a)If I am bored, I watch TV.
2. (b)If I am bored, I seek my brother's company.
3. (c)If I am not with my brother, then I watch TV.
4. (d)If I am not bored, I do not watch TV.UPSC key

2012 · Q44

Consider the following statement:

The Third World War, if it ever starts, will end very quickly with the possible end of civilization. It is only the misuse of nuclear power which will trigger it.

Based on the above statement, which one of the following inferences is correct?

1. (a)Nuclear power will be used in the Third World War.UPSC key
2. (b)There will be no civilization left after the Third World War.
3. (c)The growth of nuclear power will destroy civilization in the long run.
4. (d)The Third World War will not take place.

2012 · Q63

Consider the following statements:

1.All machines consume energy.

2.Electricity provides energy.

3.Electrically operated machines are cheap to maintain.

4.Electrically operated machines do not cause pollution.

Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements?

1. (a)All machines are run by electric energy.
2. (b)There is no form of energy other than electricity.
3. (c)Most machines are operated on electric energy.
4. (d)Electrically operated machines are preferable to use.UPSC key

2013 · Q9

Consider the following statements:

(i) A primary group is relatively smaller in size.

(ii) Intimacy is an essential characteristic of a primary group.

(iii) A family may be an example of a primary group.

In the light of the above statements, which one of the following is true?

1. (a)All families are primary groups.
2. (b)All primary groups are families.
3. (c)A group of smaller size is always a primary group.
4. (d)Members of a primary group know each other intimately.UPSC key

2014 · Q62

The number of deaths among the army personnel is 8 in 1000, but among the civilian population it is 20 per 1000. Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from this statement?

1. (a)It is better to join the army.
2. (b)The relationship is fortuitous.
3. (c)Quality of Life Index is very high within the armed forces.
4. (d)The groups cannot be compared due to their heterogeneity.UPSC key

2014 · Q63

Given the statement: "Buses are the cause of more accidents than cars, and trucks cause fewer accidents than buses", which of the following conclusions can we draw?

1. (a)There are more buses on the road than trucks.
2. (b)Car drivers are more careful than bus drivers.
3. (c)Truck drivers are more skilled than either car or bus drivers.
4. (d)None of the aboveUPSC key

2015 · Q18

Consider the following statements:

1.A man had a wife, two sons and two daughters in his family.

2.The daughters were invited to a feast and the male members of the family went out to take part in a picnic.

3.The man's father did not return from his work.

Which of the following statements is true?

1. (a)Only the man's wife was left at home.
2. (b)It is likely that the man's wife was left at home.UPSC key
3. (c)None was left at home.
4. (d)More than one person was left at home.

2015 · Q19

Geeta: Naresh has become a better boxer since he started meditation.

Radha: Impossible. A boxer's most important asset is his aggressiveness.

Radha's statement reflects her belief that

1. (a)meditation tends to make a person less aggressive.UPSC key
2. (b)meditation has little or no effect on the person who practises it.
3. (c)Naresh was a poor boxer earlier because he was not aggressive enough.
4. (d)Naresh would not have taken to meditation as he was a boxer.

2015 · Q56

Consider the following statements:

1.Some claim to have seen UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects).

2.Life on other heavenly bodies is considered to be a possibility.

3.Voyage to space is now an established fact.

From the above statements, it may be concluded that

1. (a)UFOs are heavenly bodies
2. (b)UFOs are sent from other heavenly bodies
3. (c)Some living species in other heavenly bodies are more intelligent than man
4. (d)Nothing definite can be said about the UFOsUPSC key

2016 · Q8

Consider the following statements:

1.The rate of population growth is increasing in the country

2.The death rate is declining faster in the country compared to birth rate

3.The birth rate is declining faster in the country compared to death rate

4.Rural-urban migration is taking place regularly in the country

Which one of the following conclusions may be true in the light of the above facts?

1. (a)The rate of population growth is increasing due to rural-urban migration
2. (b)The rate of population growth is increasing due to decline in death rate only
3. (c)The rate of population growth is increasing due to increase in birth rate only
4. (d)The rate of population growth is increasing due to faster decline in death rate than in birth rateUPSC key

2016 · Q10

Consider the following statement:

"We shall go either for a picnic or for trekking".

Which of the following, if true, would falsify this claim?

1. (a)We go for a picnic but not for trekking
2. (b)Activities such as picnic and trekking are encouraged by the health authorities
3. (c)We go for trekking and not for picnic
4. (d)We do not go either for picnic or for trekkingUPSC key

2016 · Q11

There were 50 faculty members comprising 30 males and the rest females. No male faculty member knew music, but many of the female faculty members did. The Head of the institution invited six faculty members to a tea party by draw of lots. At the party it was discovered that no member knew music. The conclusion is that:

1. (a)the party comprised male faculty members only
2. (b)the party comprised only those female faculty members who could not give renderings in music
3. (c)the party comprised both male and female faculty members
4. (d)nothing can be said about the gender composition of the partyUPSC key

2017 · Q15

Consider the following:

Statement:

Good voice is a natural gift but one has to keep practising to improve and excel well in the field of music.

Conclusions:

I.Natural gifts need nurturing and care.

II.Even though one's voice is not good, one can keep practising.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statement and conclusions?

1. (a)Only conclusion I follows from the statement.UPSC key
2. (b)Only conclusion II follows from the statement.
3. (c)Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows from the statement.
4. (d)Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows from the statement.

2017 · Q34

Consider the given statement and the two conclusions that follow:

Statement:

Morning walk is good for health.

Conclusions:

1.All healthy people go for morning walk.

2.Morning walk is essential for maintaining good health.

What is/are the valid conclusion/conclusions?

1. (a)1 only
2. (b)2 only
3. (c)Both 1 and 2
4. (d)Neither 1 nor 2UPSC key

2019 · Q32

In a school, 60% students play cricket. A student who does not play cricket, plays football. Every football player has got a two-wheeler. Which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn from the above data?

1.60% of the students do not have two-wheelers.

2.No cricketer has a two-wheeler.

3.Cricket players do not play football.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. (a)1 and 2 only
2. (b)2 and 3 only
3. (c)1 and 3 only
4. (d)1, 2 and 3UPSC key

2023 · Q78

Let P, Q, R, S and T be five statements such that:

I.If P is true, then both Q and S are true.

II.If R and S are true, then T is false.

Which of the following can be concluded?

1.If T is true, then at least one of P and R must be false.

2.If Q is true, then P is true.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. (a)1 onlyUPSC key
2. (b)2 only
3. (c)Both 1 and 2
4. (d)Neither 1 nor 2

2024 · Q58

A Statement is given followed by two Conclusions numbered I and II. Consider the Statement and the Conclusions.

Statement:

India is the world’s largest producer of milk.

Conclusion–I:

India is the world’s largest exporter of milk.

Conclusion–II:

India does not import milk.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Only Conclusion–I follows
2. (b)Only Conclusion–II follows
3. (c)Both Conclusion–I and Conclusion–II follow
4. (d)Neither Conclusion–I nor Conclusion–II followsUPSC key

2024 · Q74

A Main Statement is followed by four Statements labelled P, Q, R and S. Choose the ordered pair of the Statements where the first Statement implies the second, and the two Statements are logically consistent with the Main Statement.

Main Statement:

Pradeep becomes either a Director or a Producer.

Statement P: Pradeep is a Director.

Statement Q: Pradeep is a Producer.

Statement R: Pradeep is not a Director.

Statement S: Pradeep is not a Producer.

Select the correct answer.

1. (a)SP only
2. (b)RQ only
3. (c)Both SP and RQUPSC key
4. (d)Neither SP nor RQ

2026 · Q36

There are four statements X, Y, Z and W. Their relations are as follows: If X is incorrect, then so is Z; if Y is incorrect, then W is correct; if W is correct, then X is incorrect. Which of the following is/are correct?

I.If X is correct, then so is Y.

II.If Z is correct, then it is not necessary that Y is correct.

Select the answer using the code given below.

1. (a)I onlyUPSC key
2. (b)II only
3. (c)Both I and II
4. (d)Neither I nor II

2026 · Q71

Consider the following three statements, namely S1, S2 and S3:

S1. Protecting the environment is an existential exigency for humans, given the impact of environmental degradation on climate change.

S2. Scientific consensus has not been achieved with regard to the extent of the contribution of human intervention to climate change.

S3. Environmental activism includes climate alarmism and other extremist points of view that often become the focus of climate change deniers.

Which of the following relationships based on the statements given above is/are correct?

1.S3 is a counterpoint to S1

2.S3 is unconnected to S1 and S2

3.S2 could be the reason for S3

Select the answer using the code given below.

1. (a)2 and 3 only
2. (b)1, 2 and 3
3. (c)1 and 2 only
4. (d)3 onlyUPSC key