Syllogisms

2011 · Q9

Consider the following three statements:

1.Only students can participate in the race.

2.Some participants in the race are girls.

3.All girl participants in the race are invited for coaching.

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?

1. (a)All participants in the race are invited for coaching.
2. (b)All students are invited for coaching.
3. (c)All participants in the race are students.UPSC key
4. (d)None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct.

2011 · Q10

Examine the following statements:

1.All animals are carnivorous.

2.Some animals are not carnivorous.

3.Animals are not carnivorous.

4.Some animals are carnivorous.

Codes:

1. (a)1 and 3UPSC key
2. (b)1 and 2
3. (c)2 and 3
4. (d)3 and 4

2011 · Q11

Examine the following statements:

1.All trains are run by diesel engine.

2.Some trains are run by diesel engine.

3.No train is run by diesel engine.

4.Some trains are not run by diesel engine.

Codes:

1. (a)1 and 2
2. (b)2 and 3
3. (c)1 and 3UPSC key
4. (d)1 and 4

2011 · Q48

Consider the following argument:

"In order to be a teacher one must graduate from college. All poets are poor. Some Mathematicians are poets. No college graduate is poor."

Which one of the following is not a valid conclusion regarding the above argument?

1. (a)Some Mathematicians are not teachers.
2. (b)Some teachers are not Mathematicians.UPSC key
3. (c)Teachers are not poor.
4. (d)Poets are not teachers.

2012 · Q16

Consider the following statements:

1.All artists are whimsical.

2.Some artists are drug addicts.

3.Frustrated people are prone to become drug addicts.

From the above three statements it may be concluded that

1. (a)Artists are frustrated.
2. (b)Some drug addicts are whimsical.UPSC key
3. (c)All frustrated people are drug addicts.
4. (d)Whimsical people are generally frustrated.

2012 · Q18

Examine the following statements:

1.Only those who have a pair of binoculars can become the members of the birdwatcher's club.

2.Some members of the birdwatcher's club have cameras.

3.Those members who have cameras can take part in photo-contests.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?

1. (a)All those who have a pair of binoculars are members of the birdwatcher's club.
2. (b)All members of the birdwatcher's club have a pair of binoculars.UPSC key
3. (c)All those who take part in photo-contests are members of the birdwatcher's club.
4. (d)No conclusion can be drawn.

2012 · Q41

Examine the following statements:

1.None but students are members of the club.

2.Some members of the club are married persons.

3.All married persons are invited for dance.

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?

1. (a)All students are invited for dance.
2. (b)All married students of the club are invited for dance.UPSC key
3. (c)All members of the club are married persons.
4. (d)None of the above conclusions can be drawn.

2012 · Q43

Consider the following statements:

1.All X-brand cars parked here are white.

2.Some of them have radial tyres.

3.All X-brand cars manufactured after 1986 have radial tyres.

4.All cars are not X-brand.

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?

1. (a)Only white cars are parked here.
2. (b)Some white X-brand cars with radial tyres are parked here.UPSC key
3. (c)Cars other than X-brand cannot have radial tyres.
4. (d)Most of the X-brand cars are manufactured before 1986.

2012 · Q64

Examine the following statements:

1.None but the rich can afford air-travel.

2.Some of those who travel by air become sick.

3.Some of those who become sick require treatment.

Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?

1. (a)All the rich persons travel by air.
2. (b)Those who travel by air become sick.
3. (c)All the rich persons become sick.
4. (d)All those who travel by air are rich.UPSC key

2015 · Q20

All good athletes want to win and all athletes who want to win eat a well-balanced diet; therefore all athletes who do not eat a well-balanced diet are bad athletes.

The best conclusion from this statement is that

1. (a)no bad athlete wants to win.
2. (b)no athlete who does not eat a well-balanced diet is a good athlete.UPSC key
3. (c)every athlete who eats a well-balanced diet is a good athlete.
4. (d)all athletes who want to win are good athletes.

2015 · Q55

Consider the following statements followed by two conclusions:

Statements: Some men are great.

Some men are wise.

Conclusion I: Men are either great or wise.

Conclusion II: Some men are neither great nor wise.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Only conclusion I is valid
2. (b)Only conclusion II is valid
3. (c)Both the conclusions are valid
4. (d)Neither of the conclusions is validUPSC key

2017 · Q9

With reference to the above information, which one among the following statements must be true?

1. (a)Some supporters of ‘party Y’ did not agree for the alliance with the ‘party X’.
2. (b)There is at least one supporter of ‘party Y’ who knew some supporters of ‘party X’ as a friend.UPSC key
3. (c)No supporters of ‘party X’ supported Z's campaign strategy.
4. (d)No supporters of ‘party X’ knew Z.

2017 · Q10

With reference to the above information, consider the following statements:

1.Some supporters of ‘party X’ knew Z.

2.Some supporters of ‘party X’, who opposed Z's campaign strategy, knew Z.

3.No supporters of ‘party X’ supported Z's campaign strategy.

Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

1. (a)1 only
2. (b)2 and 3 only
3. (c)3 onlyUPSC key
4. (d)1, 2 and 3

2017 · Q50

Examine the following statements:

1.All colours are pleasant.

2.Some colours are pleasant.

3.No colour is pleasant.

4.Some colours are not pleasant.

Given that statement 4 is true, what can be definitely concluded?

1. (a)1 and 2 are true.
2. (b)3 is true.
3. (c)2 is false.
4. (d)1 is false.UPSC key

2019 · Q13

Consider the following Statements and Conclusions:

Statements:

1.Some rats are cats.

2.Some cats are dogs.

3.No dog is a cow.

Conclusions:

I.No cow is a cat.

II.No dog is a rat.

III.Some cats are rats.

Which of the above conclusions is/are drawn from the statements?

1. (a)I, II and III
2. (b)Only I and II
3. (c)Only IIIUPSC key
4. (d)Only II and III

2020 · Q33

Two Statements are given followed by two Conclusions:

Statements:

All cats are dogs.

All cats are black.

Conclusion–I:

All dogs are black.

Conclusion–II:

Some dogs are not black.

Which of the above Conclusions logically follows/follow from the two given Statements, disregarding commonly known facts?

1. (a)Only Conclusion–I
2. (b)Only Conclusion–II
3. (c)Neither Conclusion–I nor Conclusion–IIUPSC key
4. (d)Both Conclusion–I and Conclusion–II

2021 · Q10

A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II is given below. You have to take the Statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follow from the Statement, disregarding the commonly known facts.

Statement: Some radios are mobiles. All mobiles are computers. Some computers are watches.

Conclusion-I: Certainly some radios are watches.

Conclusion-II: Certainly some mobiles are watches.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Only Conclusion-I
2. (b)Only Conclusion-II
3. (c)Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
4. (d)Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-IIUPSC key

2021 · Q15

A Statement followed by Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II is given below. You have to take the Statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follow from the Statement, disregarding the commonly known facts.

Statement: Some cats are almirahs. Some almirahs are chairs. All chairs are tables.

Conclusion-I: Certainly some almirahs are tables.

Conclusion-II: Some cats may not be chairs.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Only Conclusion-I
2. (b)Only Conclusion-II
3. (c)Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-IIUPSC key
4. (d)Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II

2021 · Q49

Consider two Statements and four Conclusions given below. You have to take the Statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusion(s) logically follows/follow from the Statements, disregarding the commonly known facts.

Statement-1: Some greens are blues.

Statement-2: Some blues are blacks.

Conclusion-1: Some greens are blacks.

Conclusion-2: No green is black.

Conclusion-3: All greens are blacks.

Conclusion-4: All blacks are greens.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Conclusion-1 and Conclusion-2 only
2. (b)Conclusion-2 and Conclusion-3 only
3. (c)Conclusion-3 and Conclusion-4 only
4. (d)Neither Conclusion 1 nor 2 nor 3 nor 4UPSC key

2022 · Q38

Two Statements followed by four Conclusions are given below. You have to take the Statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusions logically follows/follow from the Statements, disregarding the commonly known facts:

Statement-1: All pens are books.

Statement-2: No chair is a pen.

Conclusion-I: All chairs are books.

Conclusion-II: Some chairs are pens.

Conclusion-III: All books are chairs.

Conclusion-IV: No chair is a book.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Only Conclusion-I
2. (b)Only Conclusion-II
3. (c)Both Conclusion-III and Conclusion-IV
4. (d)None of the Conclusions followsUPSC key

2022 · Q39

Three Statements followed by three Conclusions are given below. You have to take the Statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts. Read all the Conclusions and then decide which of the given Conclusions logically follows/follow from the Statements, disregarding the commonly known facts:

Statement-1: Some doctors are teachers.

Statement-2: All teachers are engineers.

Statement-3: All engineers are scientists.

Conclusion-I: Some scientists are doctors.

Conclusion-II: All engineers are doctors.

Conclusion-III: Some engineers are doctors.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. (a)Only Conclusion-I
2. (b)Only Conclusion-II
3. (c)Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-IIIUPSC key
4. (d)Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II

2026 · Q48

Consider the following statements:

Every red is blue. Every blue is green. Every green is yellow.

Which of the following statements denoted by P, Q and R are correct?

P. Every blue is yellow.

Q. Every red is green.

R. Every red is yellow.

Select the answer using the code given below.

1. (a)P and Q only
2. (b)Q and R only
3. (c)P and R only
4. (d)P, Q and RUPSC key