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Social Issues › Population and associated issues

Fertility, ageing and migration

Fertility, the ageing of the population and migration, and the policy each calls for.

Asked before

Mains 2026 GS1: Critically examine the challenges of demographic transition in contemporary India.
Prelims 2024: The total fertility rate in an economy is defined as:
Prelims 2024: Consider the following countries: 1. Italy 2. Japan 3. Nigeria 4. South Korea 5. South Africa. Which of the above countries are frequentl…
Mains 2024 GS1: What is the concept of a 'demographic winter'? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate.
Prelims 2022: Consider the following statements: 1. Bidibidi is a large refugee settlement in north-western Kenya. 2. Some people who fled from South S…
Mains 2021 GS1: Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail.
Mains 2019 GS1: "Empowering women is the key to control population growth." Discuss.
Prelims 2014: With reference to 'Changpa' community of India, consider the following statements: 1. They live mainly in the State of Uttarakhand. 2. Th…

See all: Prelims · Mains

LeadPrelims and Mains30 Sep 2026

1.9India's total fertility rate; 2.1 is replacement level
1.6the rate excluding Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the same as the United States and close to Northern Europe's 1.5
About 29.3 millionbirths at their peak, in 2001; about 23.2 million in 2023, the level of 1974

LeadPrelims and Mains30 Jun 2026

1.9India's total fertility rate in 2024, the same as in 2023; 2.0 in 2020 to 2022
Rural 2.1, urban 1.5
2.9Bihar, the highest; 1.2: Delhi, the lowest

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